Analyzing The Organisational And Business Environments

Breaking down The Organizational And Business Environments What is the Organizational Environment or Business Environment? In my perspective, a business is an association that gives merchandise and ventures to other people who need or need them. What's more, the Environment is characterized as the environmental factors of the association, for example, Social, Legal, Economical, Political or Institutional that are outside the ability to control of the association and influence the associations working. There are two significant segments of business condition: Inner Environment: Man, Material, Money, Machinery and Management. These components are typically under are controlled and influenced by the business. The business can make changes these components followed by the adjustment in work isolating in the organization. Outer Environment: Government, Legal, Geo-Physical, Political, Socio-Cultural, Demo-Graphical components, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ these variables are outside the ability to control of organization. After this subject, I trust that, I will know profoundly how to examine and assess the connection between the association and its condition, and the earth impacts on the executives choices. To comprehend the market and contenders and the instruments that administrator can use to screen the changing business condition. What's more, this is my short report for 7 of 12 meetings of this Global Organization Environment course that I learnt. Condition of associations structure and reason. The motivation behind an association is to achieve the objectives and destinations as showed inside the associations vision proclamation and relies upon its temperament of the association. On the off chance that the point of the association is to get benefit, at that point its principle reason for existing is to acquire cash. To give products and enterprises, business, and fulfill the desires for various accomplices of individuals. With associations duty is: representative government assistance, working condition, work structure, contamination, publicizing, business network, If the association is for non-benefit, at that point its objective is to fulfill clients or to assuage people in general. The mission will be shown how they plan on arriving at those objectives and goals. When settling on key choices about the associations heading and degree, directors need to break down the authoritative reason, vision and partners desire for what's to come. Every partner bunch has individual and aggregate desires for association, yet these desires are probably going to struggle, for example, development versus benefit, development versus freedom, cost eliminating versus positions, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ Stakeholders separately are probably not going to impact the procedure of an association, yet all things considered in light of the fact that they share comparable desires they are probably going to have a greater impact. Partners are not in every case similarly ground-breaking or keen on the technique of the association so should be organized. There are various kinds of association: Private Limited Company (Ltd.); Public Limited Company (plc); Partnership; Sole Trader; Co-agents; Close Corporation; Joint Venture; Franchising; Public Corporation; Municipal Enterprises; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ Understanding the Managerial Environment. Directors should assess the current setting and patterns of authoritative vital arranging and working, it incorporates the assessment of neighborhood, local political strength, government promise to business, principle monetary records, work power, innovative turn of events and accessibility, authoritative reports lastly natural issues influencing business. With the consequences of investigation, administrators can distinguish principle openings and dangers of their organization. Openings are outside elements which empower administrators to upgrade incomes or open markets, for example, new advances, new markets and thoughts, new advances has helped organizations increment efficiency and quality and lessen work power through use of new innovation, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦ Threats are those which can have terrible impact on the association, for example, financial downturn, oil shortages,㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ Managers duties are to look for circumstances and maintain a strategic distance from dangers. Errand condition are powers from providers, merchants, clients, and contenders. There are numerous powers that have profound effect on the organization. These powers comprise of wide monetary, mechanical, segment and comparable issues which chiefs for the most part can not effect or control. Monetary powers: influence the national economy and the association. It alludes to loan cost changes, joblessness rates, financial development. At the point when the economy is solid, individuals have better utilization capacity which implies they spend more on merchandise and enterprises Technological powers: allude to aptitudes and hardware utilized in structure, creation and conveyance. These powers may prompt chances and dangers to administrators and frequently make items out of date rapidly or can change the manner in which directors oversee them. Socio Cultural powers: Social and social powers are frequently connected together. While important differentiations among social and social variables can be made, from multiple points of view they communicate and the qualification between the different elements isn't clear. Contrasts in language can modify the planned significance of a special crusade and contrasts in the manner a culture sorts out itself socially may influence the manner in which an item is situated in the market and the advantages a buyer may look for from that item Segment powers are changes in the nature, structure and assorted variety of a populace and incorporate sexual orientation, age, ethnic starting point, etc. For example, these days an ever increasing number of ladies enter the workforce and even become high-positioned pioneers. In many created nations, the populace is maturing. In view of these segment transforms, it very well may be conjecture that there will he appeal for social insurance and help for living. Plus, the organization will have the option to maintain a strategic distance from more dangers if directors can quantify the intricacy of nature and the pace of ecological change. Condition intricacy can be viewed as the number and potential effects of various powers in the earth. The more consideration director pay to powers with bigger effect, the better open doors the organization may have. What's more, it is anything but difficult to see that the greater the association, the more noteworthy number of powers chiefs must consider. This implies, chiefs occupation will turn out to be increasingly intricate if there are more powers So what is the best approach to lessen ecological effects? Administrators can maintain a strategic distance from numerous natural dangers by lessening number of powers. All degrees of directors must have obligation to limit the expected effect of ecological powers. For instance, line chiefs are answerable for decreasing waste; center directors are to regulate and assess contenders moves; top administrators are liable for the companys new system. So as to manage changes, making new authoritative structures can be a proposal to administrators. In numerous organizations, chiefs utilize explicit offices to react to each power. They likewise characterize explicit elements of offices to make unthinking or natural structures. Expert in robotic structure is unified and jobs are unmistakably indicated. This sort of structure is better utilized in gradually evolving conditions. Expert in natural structure is decentralized and jobs cover, notwithstanding, this component assists association with having fast reaction to change. Director must access data expected to conjecture future issues. On the off chance that in-right perspective on the earth, the gauge companys future will not be right. Between hierarchical relations are that organizations need unions all inclusive to best use assets. PESTLE is a system for classifying the earth. It permits a top to bottom investigation of outside elements affecting on the association to occur. The result of this is twofold: Assess the Opportunities confronting the organization Assess the Threats confronting the organization. The fundamental motivation behind breaking down condition factors is to recognize openings, dangers. Organizations can lessen these dangers and center to misuse their businesss open doors just as qualities. I can decide a methodology for managing these foreseen changes. The outcome is that I become more professional dynamic and more ready as opposed to responding to an emergency. This procedure may be connected to the associations key vision and the age of expected situations. The Economy and the Role of Government. Any economy can be comprehended at the straightforward level as the cooperation of two members, buyers and makers. The Circular Flow of Income portrays the tasks of an economy; the buyers give assets to firms to salary, firms produce products and ventures to purchasers for edge. Salary and edge are utilized to pay living and working expenses, charges for government spending, speculations for profitable limit, innovative turn of events and investment funds. Government assumes the job of strategy producer and ref, guaranteeing the accomplishment of monetary and social objectives of a general public, including high pace of better than average work, stable financial development, low pace of swelling, exchange overflow. Government utilize financial arrangement (charges and open spending) and fiscal approach (cash gracefully and loan fees) as significant apparatuses of large scale monetary administration. Monetary strategy is an apparatus for overseeing request and is utilized so as to increment or diminishing interest, if government needs to build the interest, it might decrease charges or potentially increment spending, in the event that it needs to lessen the interest, it will do the inverse. Government has parcel difficulties in accomplishing at the same time all the financial objectives, an expansion sought after may make high swelling. Government likewise utilize financial strategy for large scale monetary administration, an expansion in loan fees will build sparing, diminish utilization and lessen venture spending, and in this manner decrease swelling. The financing costs influence trade rates and banks or speculators will burn through their effort and endeavors just to exchange the cash and not the

Write about the reasons of the need of geometry who Descartes and Essay

Expound on the reasons of the need of geometry who Descartes and Fermat contributed establishing it. Likewise expound on if there was a contention between them If there was, what caused it - Essay Example A hypothesis that isn't easy to compose all the more pithily in straightforward language called the four-line hypothesis. Likewise, in the event that two of the fixed lines relate, at that point the channel of P is as yet a conic other than the problem the three-line situation is simpler. Moreover, Fermat introduced his own safe of the three-line hypothesis, just as in doing as such, he finished utilization of efficient method deciding situation in a plane by two organize introduction that if the directions are related by conditions like 2x + 3y = 5, in this way, the point lies on an immediately line alongside quickly. He likewise applied out the conditions of the bends distinguished as conic fragment just as he was reasonably acquainted with direct strategies in three degrees (Newman, pp. 49-54). Extra work of a similar character by Fermat transmits to the issue of erect a digression to a bend by methods for infinitesimals. In addition, he set up a technique for plot that settled an issue of area. What's more, practically critical was his technique for maxima and minima too (Mahoney, pp.

How Not to Worry About Teenagers Reading

How Not to Worry About Teenagers Reading David Denbys recent essay in The New Yorker, Do Teens Read Seriously Anymore? is as close as we are as likely ever to get to the Platonic Ideal of hand-wringing about the reading habits of teenagers. It has all of the tropes of this genre: mentions of Harry Potter and The Hunger Games, the ascendency of iPhone, the wretched state of American education, and the correlation of Donald Trumps popularity with not enough people reading The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Well, perhaps that one is original to Denby. It is so of its kind that it is tempting to sigh and move on. But there are two elements of Denbys lament that should not be left unexamined. The first is the claim that teenagers arent reading seriously anymore. In support of this claim, Denby cites work by the Pew Research Center and other outfits that shows that few late teen-agers are reading many books. This would be alarming I suppose if it were true. Pews own study of the reading habits of younger Americans shows that 46% of 16-17 year-olds read every day, which is higher than the rate at which people over the age of 30 read (and Denbys own demographic, those age 65 and older, is the least likely to read everyday). While it is possible that this reflects a significant drop in the reading habits of teenagers (it doesnt, just give me a minute), that Denby focuses on the group most likely to read everyday seems a misuse of his anxiety. But what of the claim that the internet and all of the teenage time-sucking diversions has significantly damaged the reading lives of Americas youth? This case seems weak as well. The National Endowment of the Arts reported that in 2012, 52% of 18-24 year olds in the U.S. read a book for pleasure, down from 59% in the pre-digital-anything days of 1992. It is a drop to be sure but, given the explosion in competition for our time since then, it seems to me a remarkably resilient number. For my part, I would like everyone to be reading more, but going from 59% to 52% (and holding) post-Internet doesnt seem to me to be cause for concern. The second reason to consider this essay is that Denby unwittingly reveals what serious literature is and who it is for. Denby names twenty-three authors in his essay, endorsing all either directly or indirectly as representing the kind of serious literature that he wishes teenagers would read more of, the earliest being Shakespeare and the most recent being Kurt Vonnegut. Only three of the twenty-three are women, and all of them are white. Of the many trends Denby observes in American teenagers, from their avoidance of eye contact to their Instagramming, one that he is unable to notice is that they are not all white. In fact, 46% of them arent. And by the time I am David Denbys age, 60% of them wont be, enough to break a congressional filibuster. And they will not only increasingly be teenagers of color, but they will increasingly be of many different genders, of many different religions, of many different shapes, identities, and abilities. Like Denby, though, I am still worried about the reading lives of American teenagers. I am worried that they will read essays like Denbys that dont see them, that dont try to understand them, that dont offer them the freedom to be whatever kind of generation and generations of American teenagers they are going to be. I am worried that if their reading lives are damaged, it wont be by Snapchat or Yik Yak. It will be because our established ideas of what and how books should be read prevented us from meeting them wherever, and whoever, they are.

The Credit Crunch And Fall Of Northern Rock Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4675 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Who invented the term credit crunch is unclear but it was used in study by Americas Federal Reserve Bank as far back as 1967. (The Sunday Times January 4, 2010)1 Financial crises have intervened the operation of financial markets over years. Most noticeably the great depression in 1929-30, the 1970s inflation crises and the banking crises in the 1990s created confusion in the financial markets causing severe disruption. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Credit Crunch And Fall Of Northern Rock Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The current financial crisis which emerged in 2007, although the roots were shown much earlier, has been one of the toughest and probably the biggest that financial markets have ever faced. Most analysts link the current credit crisis to the sub-prime mortgage business, in which US banks give high-risk loans to people with poor credit histories. These and other loans, bonds or assets are bundled into portfolios or Collateralised Debt Obligations (CDOs) and sold on to investors globally. (BBC 7, August 2009)2 The impact of the credit crunch is not only on the banking but it also affected the economy of the world and this leads to the long and deep recession. Northern Rock was the first casualty in UK, which run almost one hundred years. Northern Rock was previous Northern Rock building society, formed on July 1, 1965 as a result of the merger of Northern Counties Permanent Building Society (established in 1850) and Rock Building Society (established in 1865).(The Sun 14 September 2007)3 In April 1996 the Societys chairman, Robert Dickinson, announced the formation of the Foundation as part of its plans to become a public limited company. The proposal was to establish a charitable body with approximately 15% of the issued share capital, and a covenant of 5% of the new plcs annual profits. In October 1997 both the bank and the Foundation became a reality. (Northern Rock foundation History) 4 Northern Rocks core business is the provision of UK residential mortgages, funded in both the retail and wholesale markets. It also provides secured commercial lending and personal unsecured lending products and northern rock become fifth largest UK mortgage lender and the largest financial institution based in the north east of England. (The Sun 14 September 2007)3 1.2 Aim of Essay The aim of this essay is to investigate Credit Crunch and its effect on Northern Rock. 1.3 Essay Objectives Objectives of this essay are to respond to these three questions: What were the serious causes/problems of credit crunch? What is the History of Northern Rock? What was the impact of credit crunch on Northern rock? 1.4 Limitations of Essay This essay focused on credit crunch, numerous of sectors have been effected by credit crunch. In this essay research has been limited to crises of Northern Rock due to the effects of credit crunch on Northern Rock that how come a fifth largest UK mortgage lender and the largest financial institution went into solvency due to credit crunch? Chapter 2 Literature Review 2-1 Credit Crunch 2-1.1 What is Credit Crunch? A credit crunch could be describe as when in financial markets credit dries up, banks lending money to each other become an excessive risk and so refuse to do so, or do so at higher rates of interest, People also reject to invest in the banks by not purchasing their bonds. All the financial system and money flow system becomes jammed up and this leads to banks defaulting on their loans to each other or to third parties and if the central bank doesnt provide liquidity to the banks. 2-1.2 Origin of the current credit Crunch The trigger for the liquidity crisis was started from US an increase in subprime mortgage defaults, between 2004 and 2006. The financial calamity as made in America caused by U.S. housing bubble by creating inappropriate mortgage loans and high risk mortgage products through securitization and different kinds of complex structured products, these mortgage loans were transferred to invertors to investors around the world from the balance sheets of lenders, in response, the increase in the value of these financial products, it created a global financial problem. 2-1.3 What was the cause of the current Credit Crunch? In the begging banks were in good position, they wanted to lend their money so they started to look new market to lend money. Banks found new market subprime (people of low income) market. Banks targeted the people who had not owned houses, before people who could not able to borrow money before and people with the poor credit history, in short unreliable borrowers, offering them cheap introductory mortgages at low interest rates. Banks and the other lenders interest rates were low and lowest ever rates. Interest rates hit rock bottom in America in 2004 at just 1 per cent. (The Sun 14 September 2007)3 So banks started to lend money these new risky borrowers, many of them bought houses and bank took their new subprime debts. Mortgages were turned into mortgage bonds (A bond secured by a mortgage on a property. Mortgage bonds are backed by real estate or physical equipment that can be liquidated). (Investor Words Mortgage bond definition) 5 Mortgage-backed securities/ CDOs (collateralised debt obligations) were sold on to hedge funds and investment banks who decided they were a great way to generate high returns (and big bonuses for the oh-so-clever bankers that bought them). (The Sun 14 September 2007)3 These bonds or assets are bundled into portfolios or Collateralised Debt Obligations (CDOs) and sold on to investors globally. (BBC 7 August, 2009)2 The barmy notion was that if they ran into trouble with their repayments rising house prices would allow them to remortgage their property. It seemed a good idea when Central Bank interest rates were low. (The Sunday Times January 4, 2010)1 2-1.4 How did it turn into a global credit crunch? Houses market began to cold and houses prices fell down and interest rates started to rise, Between 2004 and 2006 US interest rates rose from 1% to 5.35%, triggering a slowdown in the US housing market. (BBC 7 August, 2009)2 Borrowers got into trouble and many lenders who could hardly afford their mortgage payments when interest rates were low, started to default on their mortgages. When borrowers started to default on their loans, the value of investments (bonds or assets are bundled into portfolios or CDOs) plummeted resulting in huge losses for financial institutions globally. People with sub prime mortgage faced negative equity; this led to banks and lenders no longer grantee that loans could be paid back. Due to this Credit markets freeze, as banks are reluctant to lend to each other, not knowing how many bad loans could be on their rivals books. (BBC 7, August 2009)2 The Credit Crunch began. 2-1.5 How did it affect? In the mid of 2007, the impact of the losses in the subprime mortgage markets triggered surprising turmoil throughout the international financial system. When borrowers started to default on their loans, the value of these investments plummeted resulting in huge losses for banks globally. (The Sunday Times January 4, 2010)1 These crisis spread with amazing speed to other markets and even to the financial institutions which had no direct contact to the subprime mortgage market. The magnitude of the problem was becoming ever more apparent, several US sub prime lenders had filed for bankruptcy. The global nature of the problem became obvious in August 9 2007 when bad news from French bank BNP Paribas triggered sharp rise in the cost of credit, and made the financial world realize how serious the situation was. (BBC 7 August, 2009)2 Withdrawals were suspended by investors from two of its funds because it was not able to valuate the assets that they contained due to the lack of liquidity in market suspended withdrawals by investors. Confidence of the many financial institutions was shaken, and the stock market witnessed systemic weakness across financial sectors. The share prices for large, small, and investment banks all significantly dropped down and between July 2007 and March 2008 they lost their prices about a third of their value. Due to lack of confidence and stopped trusting on each other banks, inter-bank lending was disrupted. Central banks including the US Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank released billions of dollars worth of cash into the money markets to increase liquidity in an attempt to maintain inter-bank lending, but this strategy had limited effect. (UK Mortgage Credit Crunch) 6 The US sub-prime mortgage market by financial institutions has been revealed around the world, a number of spectacular banking casualties have occurred, including Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers in US, Northern Rock and Bradford and Bin gley in the UK. Bank solvency, damaged investor confidence and declines in credit availability had an impact on global stock market, during late 2008 and early 2009 where securities suffered large losses. Economies worldwide slowed during this period as credit tightened and international trade declined. 2-1.6 How did Credit crunch affect the UK? The Credit Crunch has affected everybody in the UK; the effects of the turmoil that has hit the financial markets in the UK have been reflected in a number of ways, affecting both financial institutions and consumers. Turbulent of financial market affected UK economic activity through number of channels. The most obvious is perhaps the price and availability of credit, but other factors such as increased uncertainty, reduced business and consumer confidence, fall of assets prices, lower output of financial services sector and decreased external demand all have important implications for UK economic growth. The mortgage market in the UK also seriously affected as in other countries by the credit crunch resulting from the downfall of the US sub prime mortgage market. Between 1996 and 2006, in a period of relatively low interest rates, the average house price in the UK almost trebled. (UK Mortgage Credit Crunch) 6 Banks and other lenders started to hold money. UK being one of the major financial centers of the world has taken a huge beating. Thousands of jobs have been lost and investors have lost millions of pounds in stock market, Credit crunch has resulted in a sharp drop in rising of unemployment in UK. The rise in the headline rate of unemployment to 5.5% took it to its highest level since early 1999.(BBC News 17 September 2008)7 As a result of the continuing credit crisis, the interest rates at which banks lend money to each other are, unusually, far above the Bank of Englands base lending rate. And the banks are finding it much more difficult to raise money from credit markets for mortgage-backed securities, that has made it uneconomic for some institutions to carry on offering mortgages and thousands of products have been withdrawn already this year. (BBC News: 2, April 2008) 8 The credit crunch has also resulted in UK bitter relationship between banks that are very unwilling to lend each other and this has largely affected the mortgage industry. Banks greatly depend on cash transfer to finance the loans of their borrowers/customers. With the drying up of these loans, mortgage deals have become impracticable in the recent years. Many of UK banks bought lots of mortgage debts from US mortgage companies, when the US mortgages sector started to default it affected UK banking sector a lot of UK banks lost their money. The inter-bank rate not only raised but it was almost not possible to get additional funding for banks and other financial institutions. The trust simply vanished from the market creating panic among financial institutions, thus leading to credit crunch. 2-2 Northern Rock plc 2-2.1 History of Northern Rock plc Northern Rock plc was the largest financial institution in its north east region home base and United Kingdoms largest retail banks. In the start Northern Rock public limited company was established in 1850 as a Northern Counties Permanent Building Society and in 1865 one more society was established as Rock Building Society. (The Sun 14 September 2007)3 Both Rock and Northern Counties Permanent Building Society served and an exclusively Northeastern membership. Both were prospered in the later decades especially after the legislation enacted in the building Society Act of 1874, which gave both the societies a more solid legal footing. In July 1, 1965 Northern Counties Permanent Building Society and Rock Building Society joined together the movement toward industry consolidation and converted into Northern Rock Building Society. (The Sun 14 September 2007)3 Northern Rock Building Society took a position as the northeast regions leading financial institution offering beyond its concentration on home mortgages offering variety of saving and other traditional banking products. Between 1970s to the end of century, Northern Rock Building society got the assets and members of some 53 other building societies, several of these acquisitions came in 1990s. Northern Rock Building society acquired the assets and membership of Lancastrian Building Society in 1992 and the following year it added Surrey Building Society to its accounts. In 1994 Northern Rock Building Society also acquired North of England Building Society. The merger of these societies gave Northern Rock Building Society an additional 400,000 members and leading six percent of the home mortgage market, and Northern Rock Building Society became top ten of the United Kingdoms building society. Northern Rock remained close to its home mortgage lending core and soon it became a leader in the re-mortgaging market, attracting new members seeking Northern Rocks competitive interest rate s. Northern rock Building Society formed joint-venture with Britains Guardian Royal Exchange in 1996 to sell its Guardian Insurance products through Northern Rock Branch network and added insurance products, later added life insurance products through a distribution agreement with Legal and General. In 1996 Northern Rock Building Society announced that it was preparing to go public limited company with the approval of its members in October 1996. Northern rock Building society promoted approval of their members by offering them one of the industrys largest share packages, 500 shares to each member in spite of the amount of their holdings (which at the time public offering was worth more than  £1,500) (funding universe Northern Rock plc ) 9 In April 1996 Northern Rock Building Societys chairman, Robert Dickinson, announced the formation of the Foundation as part of its plans to become a plc. The proposal was to establish a charitable body with approximately 15% of the issu ed share capital, and a covenant of 5% of the new plcs annual profits. (Northern Rock foundation History) 4 In April members of Northern Rock building society approved the conversion, and In October 1997 both the bank and the Foundation became a reality. As Northern Rock Society turned in bank it changed its name to Northern Rock Plc, listed on the London Stock Exchange and authorized under the Banking Act 1987.(ezee 4 u Northern Rock) 10 The conversion also resulted in the establishment of The Northern Rock Foundation, a charitable body which is entitled to receive approximately 5 per cent  of the annual consolidated profit before tax of Northern Rock plc. (The Sun 14 September 2007)3 Northern Rock core business is the provision of UK residential mortgages funded in both the retail and wholesale markets. It also provides a range of other services, mainly related to its core activities Products offered by Northern Rock include: Mortgage Lending, Household Insur ance, Personal Lending, Retail Savings, and Commercial Mortgages. (AAA-loans Northern Rock Building Society). 11 In February 1999, Northern Rock plc launched personal load packages such as the companys offer of mortgages exceeding property values. (Funding universe Northern Rock) 9 Northern Rock rank were in the top 15 of the countrys retail banks and it rank near the top, posting as much as ten percent of the total English market for home mortgages. The new Northern Rock plc took a position as north east regions leading financial institution by offering people beyond its concentration on home mortgages, different savings and other traditional banking products. Northern Rock plc widely admired for its cost efficient structure, by emphasizing telephone and postal based banking over branch office banking, and it operated an extensive network of 100 branch offices which basically served as sales offices for the companys products. By promoting more cost efficient banking including the closing of some 25 branch offices to consolidate its branch office work. (Reference for business History of Northern Rock) 12 Northern Rock plc quickly gathered industry approval with its tight management, highly competitive products and cost-efficient structure. Northern Rock plc also encouraged its customers to abandon in person transactions in favor of the companys telephone and ATM services. Prudential and Standard Life announced their intention to enter the home mortgage business. Since more than half of Northern Rocks new mortgage business came from the re-mortgaging market which most likely could be easily attracted away from the company by any more competitive package Northern Rock took steps to ensure its competitiveness. (Funding universe Northern Rock plc) 9 In 1998 Northern Rock made a major mistake when suddenly Northern Rock decided to consolidate its range of products from nine separate accounts to just three accounts unfortunately, the compa ny only informed its customers on the day of the conversion and suddenly 400,000 customers found their savings receiving much lower interest rates than their previous accounts. (Reference for business History of Northern Rock plc) 12 Northern Rock maintained a withdrawal penalty if customers wanted to transfer their savings to companys new higher bearing accounts. The result was a public relations fiasco in the face of an Office of Fair Trading investigation. Northern Rock was forced to back down, allowing customers to transfer their savings without penalty while giving back more than  £ three million in lost interest, many of the companys saving customers defected with drawing their savings altogether. (Reference for business History of Northern Rock plc) 12 In 1999 Northern Rock managed to restore its reputation by defending its earlier move as an industry wide practice. Northern Rock instituted a Saver pledge which included among other provisions, an undertake to inform customers of any changes even to inform them of new, higher interest bearing products as they became available. (Funding universe Northern Rock plc) 9 Northern Rock was very successful its profit grew from 73 million pounds in 1997 to 443 million pounds in 2006. And its assets grew from 15.9 billion pounds in 1997 to 101 billion pounds billion pounds.(Northern Rock Annual report, 1998)13.(Northern Rock report, 2006) 14. 2-2.3 The Impact of Credit Crunch on Northern Rock fall of Northern Rock Almost all the economic sectors are affected by Credit Crunch in UK, Confidence among business in the state of the UK economy has been hit by fears that the US house price slump will have global ramifications.(BBC News 28 August 2007) 15 Northern Rock plc was the first victim of credit crunch The crisis has destroyed the credibility of Northern Rock, Britains fifth-largest mortgage lender (The Sunday Times: 23 September 2007) 16 During a time of crisis in financial system the political environment including legal and regulatory has a great impact on any business where trust and confidence in each other is very important. In UK, financial system is regulated by tripartite system of regulation between the bank, the FSA and the treasury their roles are clear although but there was no overarching authority when crisis struck. (BBC News: 18 December 2008) 17 The Crisis started in Europe when French bank BNP Paribas suspended its three investment funds with exposure to trouble US subprime markets on 09 August 2007. (BBC News 28 August 2007) 15 Northern Rock had a business plan of securitization mortgage. (Borrowing heavily from the world money markets, from this borrowed money extending mortgages to customers and resell these mortgages to international capital market). In 2007, due to credit crunch demand from global investors of securitized mortgage fall, the money which should have been raised from securitization Northern Rock was not able to rise from capital market. So Northern Rock asked Bank of England for emergency financial support and Bank of England granted. The BBC ran a report on 13 September as an exclusive, that Northern Rock had been to the BoE for funding, this was leaked to the BBC from inside the Tripartite (FSA, BoE and Treasury) the source was unknown and then reported by the BBC reporter Robert Peston. The BBC reveals that Northern Rock has asked for and been granted emergency financial support from the Bank of Eng land, in the latters role as lender of last resort and Bank of England granted its financial support to the Northern Rock. (BBC News: 5, August 2008) 18 Due to this news Northern Rock suffered a great damaged. This news caused so much panic among Northern Rock customers; they thought they would lose their savings customers were lining up outside Northern Rock Bank branches to take their money the next day. THOUSANDS of Northern Rock customers besieged branches to take out cash yesterday and this morning amid fears the bank was set to go bust. (The Sun: 15 September 2007)19 People just wanted to withdraw their money from Northern Rock bank, an estimated  £2bn withdrawn from Northern Rock over the first weekend after BBC NEWS report.(Guardian: 7 November 2007) 20 Thousands queued  outside branches across the country  as customers tried to make it  inside before the earlier closing hours. Police were called to branches in Sheffield and  Glasgow? Where an estimated 300 people were inside the branch to access their accounts when it closed at midday. The Manchester city centre branch  closed at midday, but  up to 30 customers were inside an hour later trying to access accounts. (The Sun: 15 September 2007)19 Billions of pounds were withdrawn by Northern Rock customers from Northern Rock Bank. (The Guardian: 7 November 2007) 20 Those customers who were unable to go to the northern Rock bank were turning to Northern Rocks website, they were tried to log into their accounts on Northern Rock website but due to heavy traffic, customers could not log in to their account Northern Rock communication channel also failed. (E Consultancy: 17 September 2007) 21 The confusion inaccessibility of accounts through internet and reports in media that depositors might lose their money created more panic among customers of Northern Rock. In The FTSE 100 Index on 14 September Northern shares opened 20  per cent  lower, down 126p at 513p. (The Sun 14 September 2007)3 14 September 2007 Northern Rock says extreme conditions in financial markets forced it to approach the Bank of England for assistance. In a statement, the Bank, Treasury and FSA say they believe Northern Rock is solvent and that the standby funding facility will enable the bank to fund its operations during the current period of turbulence in financial markets.(BBC News: 5, August 2008) 18 The Chancellor of the Exchequer has today authorised the Bank of England to provide a liquidity support facility to Northern Rock against appropriate collateral and at an interest rate premium. This liquidity facility will be available to help Northern Rock to fund its operations during the current period of turbulence in financial markets while Northern Rock works to secure an orderly resolution to its current liquidity problems. (Bank of England: 14 September 2007) 22 19 September 2007 The Bank of England said t hat it will inject  £10 billion into the money markets to try to bring down the cost of inter-bank lending. 12 October 2007 Virgin Group put forward a proposal to rescue Northern Rock. Under the plans, Northern Rock would keep its stock market listing but would be rebranded as Virgin Money and The Virgin offer includes an immediate repayment of  £11bn of the  £25bn the bank owes the Bank of England, with the remainder to be paid over the next three years. (BBC News: 5, August 2008) 18 11 January 2008 Northern Rock agrees to sell  £2.2bn, or 2%, of its mortgage assets to US investment bank JP Morgan. (BBC News: 5, August 2008) 18 21 January 2007, the treasury announced plans to back a private-sector rescue of Northern Rock through the sale of Government-guaranteed bonds to pay off the lenders  £24 billion debts, and 4 February 2008 Virgin confirms a formal takeover proposal would see Northern Rock rebranded as Virgin Bank. Northern Rocks board lodges a self help bi d. (The Telegraph: 17 February 2008) 23 In February 2008 Northern Rock bank was taken into state ownership. The nationalization of Northern Rock has been enshrined in law, the government has announced. The order bringing about the transfer to public ownership was made at 2307 GMT on Thursday one minute after a parliamentary bill gained royal assent. It means all shares in Northern Rock have been handed over to the Treasury. (BBC News: 22 February 2008) 24 The Northern Rock planned to repay the government debts within 4 years. 30 July 2008 Northern Rock began telling 800 employees that they were to be made compulsorily redundant as part of a programme of 2,000 job cuts at the state-owned lender the cuts are a blow for job prospects in north-east England where Northern Rock was one of the biggest employers. (The Guardian: 31 July 2008)25 In August 2008 Northern Rock announced bigger than expected losses in the first six months of 2008,  £585.4 millions. (BBC Ne ws: 5, August 2008) 18 March 2009 Northern Rock repaid the some amount of loan Northern Rocks successful mortgage redemption programme resulted in the Government loan reducing by  £18.0 billion to  £8.9 billion on a net basis, compared with  £26.9 billion at 31 December 2007. (Northern Rock plc: Annual Report 2008) 26  23 February 2009 Northern Rock announced that Northern Rock to offer up to  £14 billion of new mortgage lending over next two years. The Company is repaying the Government loan ahead of target. (Northern Rock plc: Stock Exchange Announcement) 27 Potential buyers of Northern Rock bank are Virgin Money, National Australia Bank and Santander has been sounded out on a possible deal. The private-equity giants Blackstone and Towerbrook are also thought to be examining the opportunity. (The Sunday Times: 26 April 2009) 8 During the crises of Northern rock plc many opinion showed different department about the Northern Rock situation, In October 2007 House of Commons Treasury Committee the watch dogs Chief executive, Hector Sants said: There are lessons to be learnt here with regard to our supervision processes In terms of getting into difficulties, we had [Northern Rock] as low probability, and that now seems to be incorrect. Independent: FSA chiefs admit to failings in Northern Rock crisis (The Independent: 10 October 2007) 29 November 2007, Bank of England governor Mervyn Kings apparent criticism of Chancellor Alistair Darlings handling of the affair with Northern rock. Mr. King criticized Northern Rocks chief executive, Adam Applegarth. The mortgage bank boss had suggested in front of a parliamentary committee that Northern Rocks troubles could have been eased if the Bank had followed the lead of central banks in Europe and the US and injected liquidity into the market. (The Guardian: 7 November 2007) 20 February 2009, Emma Foody, who was due to join the Northern Rock graduate scheme before the news broke. She blamed the BBC reporter Robert for creating a kind of hysteria. But Peston told her: I absolutely believe that my broadcast made absolutely no difference to where Northern Rock ended up. (The Wire: 19 February 2009) 30 June 2009, The Lords findings mirror the report of the House of Commons Treasury Committee, which said that the tripartite financial authorities had been insufficiently prepa red to deal with Northern Rocks difficulties and needed to communicate better with each other.(BBC News: 01 June 2009) 31 Chapter 3 Conclusion A credit crunch is an economic situation in which loans and investment capital are hard to get. It was started from the US in 2005 due to the subprime mortgage where US banks gave high risk loans to poor credit history. Unfortunately US base rates rose significantly 1.25% to 5.35%, in the start of 2006. Due to this people could not pay their mortgage and started to default, banks put up their houses for sale, so many people were default and so many houses were sale on the market this created more supply than their demand and houses prices fall down. During this period, banks and other lenders become wary of issuing loans, so the price of borrowing rises, often to the point where deals simply do not get done. Many banks and lenders started bankrupt. Northern Rock bank was first casualty in the UK, the bank which ran successfully about 100 years. In 2007, due to credit crunch banks were reluctant to lend to each other and Northern Rock was not able raise capital from money m arket. So Northern Rock asked Bank of England for emergency financial support and Bank of England granted. The main cause of Northern solvency was leakage of this news that Northern Rock asked for and been granted emergency financial support from the Bank of England reported on BBC. This news spread panic among northern rock customers and the problem with the northern rock web site created more panic. Northern rock customers started withdraw their money from Northern Bank. Billions of pounds were withdrawn from northern rock. In February 2008 Virgin formal takeover proposal would see Northern Rock rebranded as Virgin Bank. Northern Rocks board lodges a self help bid. In February 2008 government announced that Northern Rock bank was taken into state ownership. Virgin Money, Santander and National Australia Bank are Northern Rock bank potential buyers.

The Impact of Cultural Diversity Within the Hospitality ...

Table of Content I. Introduction 3 II. Cultural diversity 3 II.1. Advantages of cultural diversity 4 II.2. Disadvantages of cultural diversity 5 III. Organizational Culture 5 IV. Management strategies to overcome issues related to cultural diversity 7 V. Globalization 8 VI. Conclusion 9 VII. References 11 I. Introduction Immigration plays a big role in today’s business world. Especially the hospitality and tourism industry is highly affected, as this industry offers a large number of unskilled positions that can easily be provided to immigrants (Hearns, Devine Baum, 2007). The intention of these workers who go abroad is mainly the chance to earn higher wages in the chosen foreign country (D’Netto Sohal, 1999).†¦show more content†¦Moreover as stated by D’Netto and Sohal (1999) a culturally diverse workforce can create positive competition amongst workers regardless of their cultural background. Another important point is that a company can benefit and choose from a larger number of different ideas and strategies to the organization. Furthermore many authors (Deresky, 1994; Fernandez, 1993; Grace, 1994; Morrison, 1992) agree on the concept of â€Å"managing diversity involves leveraging and using cultural differences in people’s skills, ideas and creativity to c ontribute to a common goal, and doing it in a way that gives the organization a competitive edge† (D’Netto Sohal, 1999 p.4). This is further supported by Aghazadeh (2004), who states that a cultural diverse pool of job-applicants enhances the qualitative selection of possible members of the organization. Another positive feature of diversity is an improvement of a company’s international negotiation strategies due to people speaking the native language of the negotiation partner. II.2. 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The Most Popular Why Us College Essay Samples

The Most Popular Why Us College Essay Samples Working the 9-5 shift everyday can become a boring routine. To get moving in the correct direction, consider what you are interested in getting the college to understand about you that isn't evident from the remainder of your application package. Since 21st-century technology is developing at a quick pace, a growing number of technological innovations have to get implemented virtually every year. For that reason, it's imperative to learn how to approach any issue with a strong focus on solving it. What Why Us College Essay Samples Is - and What it Is Not Readers can't assume anything and have to use the information that you give us. Sit down, consider the story you would like to write. Writing your memoirs is a great exercise and a great start for a beginning author. A minumum of one read is going to be your Regional Dean. The Battle Over Why Us College Essay Samples and How to Win It Upcoming college students might also be requested to compose a college essay for a component of their first requirements. Colleges wish to know you're a superb fit for their school and have a true comprehension of it. After that, think about what they might want to know about their prospective students. Read on to learn more about how to do a good job demonstrating what they really want to know. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Why Us College Essay Samples Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to have a category of students to Belgium so as to study the EU. Colleges care about the quantities of acceptances deeply, so it can help to understand you're a sure thing. Thus, State University isn't only the ideal spot for me, it is the sole location for me. Utilize Grammarly's plagiarism checker that will help you find any citations you might have missed and properly attribute them. Either can demonstrate the dean you're more than only an application. The Common Application no longer needs a quick answer essay from many applicants, but a lot of colleges continue to include things like the quick answer as a portion of a supplement. Why Us College Essay Samples - Overview You need to make the essay school-specific. As an example, a why us essay might speak about how very interesting XYZ interdisciplinary project is and the way it fits nicely with your senior project. The essay should include specific information regarding Oberlin College. Your essay should be unique to you. Just because you've already written a college essay for a single university doesn't mean that it may also apply on your next applications. Developing a good college essay are able to lose its purpose in the event the content of what you've written is not what the university is asking for. By doing that the student stays true to the very first paragraph in supplying a very clear direction throughout the full essay. Many students find it hard to compose impressive college application essays. The Common Application's individual essay enables a student to compose a single essay for a number of colleges. Like a college essay, your private revenue statement needs to have a layout. Share an essay on any subject of your selection. You might also see mentoring goals. You could also see leadership targets. You might also personal objectives. You might also educational targets. Think of why you're applying to the school in the very first location, and brainstorm, picking a few ideas that you could elaborate on in an essay. A memoir can be also referred to as an autobiography, as the 2 terms share the exact meaning to some degree. Therefore, the quick answer essay doesn't highlight any sort of remarkable accomplishment or private talent. Take into consideration the details to add in the biography that may bring out clearly about the individual's life. Whether you're aiming for a university admission or landing work at a prominent revenue statement for company, an effe ctive personal letter offers you a better shot in contrast to others. Write in your voice and be sincere of what you're saying. Therefore, if you're planning to eventually apply to graduate school, bear in mind that you could have to write still another diversity statement! The article elaborated on the notion that women are nowadays going more in the workforce and that it's vital that a parent reads to their children, since it could help them learn much better. Unique things to various folks, since the situation demanded. Keeping that in mind, you can need to avoid obtaining a credit card without proper understanding. Now things started to get really intriguing. Saving money in college is a difficult issue to do, but you should begin anyway.

Blood brothers Study the contrasts that Willy Russell Essay Example For Students

Blood brothers Study the contrasts that Willy Russell Essay Blood Brothers is a play that could be played like a tennis match with every scene showing first the working class situation and then the middle class side of it. The only way I allowed myself to do that was in the scene,if I only did it once, it would be very effective Willy Russell study the contrasts that Willy Russell sets up in the musical and write about different life styles and life chances that Eddie and Mickey have. The play Blood Brothers was written by Willy Russell who really show the contrast between class in this play. The main difference in this play is class because right from the start to the end the class effects the two boys in every way. This class difference is shown by the way that their parents treat them, the contrast in the language that they use, where and how they live, compare their education, compare the way police treat them, compare the work that they do, and also contrasts in the power they have. All of these are main parts of the play the effect of class is contrasting all through their lives, like Eddie and Mickey have been separated at birth, one to a wealthy family and one has gone to a working class struggling family. Eddie has gone to the wealthy family and Mickey has gone to the working class family. Willy shows the first major part this is how their parents treat them by the way they speak to them. Like for example Mickeys mother says to Mickey just shut up, you never mind, You dont go near there. This shows that working class get treated with less respect. Also Eddie is shown with a lot more love than Mickey, this is not because Mrs. Lyons loves Eddie more, its because she is feeling guilty when she shouts at him. Its her own guilty conscious. Sometimes she is strict towards Eddie and she feels guilty about it because he is not her own son but it could be the class effecting her love for Eddie. Mrs. Lyons sometimes shouts at Eddie and then freaks out. Like for instant she is slightly out of control and this quote also shows that she is trying to keep him to herself, and not let anybody else take him away from her, and trying to keep Eddie away from Mickey because she wants him to have a good education and good life. You see You see why I dont want you mixing with boys like that filth, you learn filth and you behave like that, like them and I wont have it youre my son mine you wont you wont she sees he is scared and almost crying, she gently pulls him to her and cradles him oh my son my son Another way their parents treat them is by their names. where Eddie his mum calls him by his full name Edward, how ever on the other hand Mickey is called by a nickname which is Mickey. This shows the contrast of the two mothers. The difference of language used by Eddie and Mickey stands out a lot. This is because obviously, class is a major factor in both of their lives and it effects their use of language. Mickey is from a working class family where he has grown up using slang. You know like when they ask you what your name is EH EH. Well we say, Linda dont we say things like Adolph Hitler. Instead of saying yes he says yeh. Also Mickey uses swear words like the f word. You know the f word Mickey said to Eddie who was puzzled. Mickey didnt know what it meant but still said it. This shows he uses slang. However Eddie has better English than Mickey. .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 , .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 .postImageUrl , .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 , .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4:hover , .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4:visited , .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4:active { border:0!important; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4:active , .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4 .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u08d3211c7e56ebfa982752753a255ce4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Rose For Emily: Theme Analysis EssayEddies English is perfect. And this is all because of their class and they way that they have been bought up. They still dont bleeding give you one. And Eddie is like you say some smashing things dont you Like posh language. Another example of Mickey is I might do. But Im not playing now because Im pissed off. This is a stereotypical scenario created by Willy that working class people are more likely to swear and use slang. The area that both Eddie and Mickey live in also contrasts the difference of class. We could imagine Mickeys house is all messy and dirty because Mrs. Johnston has too many children and she would only have enough time to do the cooking and there would be a lot for her to do seeing as she would be only one doing it. We assume that Eddies house is more nicer than Mickeys house because of their class thats how Willy Russell builds up a picture in our mind of how Mickey and Eddies house looks like. Eddies house is portrayed like a rich persons house, all nice and tidy no dishes to wash, no dust, no toys lying around on the floor. This is also shown because Mrs. Lyons has a cleaner who is Mrs. Johnston. This also shows the difference in their class, their jobs. Mrs.  Johnston is a cleaner in Mrs. Lyons house. Its smashing thank you. Mrs. Lyons its such a lovely house its a pleasure cleaning it this quote backs up that Mrs. Johnston had a low class job and Mrs. Lyons has a cleaner so that show a lot of difference in class. It also shows Mrs. Johnston is poor and Mrs. Lyons is rich. Mickeys and Eddies education is hugely contrasted throughout out the play. This is because all of their lives depends on the education they get. Like Mickey, his mother cannot afford for him to go to a private school, because it costs a lot of money and she dont have that type of money to spend. On the other hand, Eddies mother has more than enough money to spend on his education so he has a chance of success in the future. Mickey would probably end up making boxes at the education hes getting, where as Eddie would have a great chance of success at the amount of money Mrs. Lyons is spending on his education like a doctor or lawyer. Mickey- Id crawl back to the same job for double the hours and half the money, just making up boxes it was. This quote shows what Mickey has become from his education, and class effected his whole life hugely. Where as Eddie has had a great education and its paid off, he is the owner of his business and he has a lot of power, and Mickey works for that business. This is ironic because mrs. Johnston used to work for mry lyons and now Mr Johnston-Mickey is working for Mr Lyons -Eddie. Dont you think? yeh yeh we both work in the same place. But you own the place , Mr lyons See this shows that Eddie has a lot of power. Also when they were younger and they were using the air gun in the park the policeman was treating Mrs. Lyons to Mrs. Johnston. Willy Russell shows this in great depth. When the policewoman were speaking to Mrs. Lyons they were talking as if they were talking down to her as if she was a little child like she didnt understand or was thick or something. And he was about to commit a serious crime The policewomen was speaking down to her where as when she spoke to Mrs. Lyons she was speaking with some respect to her as if they were scared of her as I say, it was more of a prank really she was let off easily. She refers to Mrs. Johnston as love and mrs. Lyons as Mrs. Lyons. So thats a huge difference in class. Because Eddie owns a business and Mickey was making boxes. .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 , .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 .postImageUrl , .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 , .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7:hover , .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7:visited , .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7:active { border:0!important; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7:active , .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7 .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubccd5da951ebe699c1623ffc4fa7bef7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 'The Landlady' is a short story by Roald Dahl EssayClass has effected this hugely because if Eddie had stayed with Mrs. Johnston he would have probably ended up making boxes as well but he didnt and just because he went to a wealthy family he became a better success then his brother-Mickey. Eddie thanks! Eddie weve been trying to get a house for five years and you fix it up in five minutes. This also shows the power of Eddie and Mickey. Eddie can do anything he pleases but cannot get the one thing that he wants Linda. This is because of class and this is the only bad thing for Eddie but it means the world to him. Linda my loins are burning for you let me lay my weary hand upon your warm breast: Linda I love you, I want you, the very center of my being calls out for you. This shows how much he likes Linda. He now likes her more than ever before. I Conclude that Willy Russell makes a huge impact on the way that class effects everyone in those days. He also showed how the working class people are more down to earth, they live in the real world. I think that Willy has expressed what he was trying to put across in a good way. He has showed it in great depth.

English and Politics

Introduction Orwell is an individual who was concerned about the correct usage of English language in politics and other areas of life. He notes with a lot of concern some very common mistakes that are made by politicians, professors and other people who use English in public. He particularly notes that most of the times, the politicians use sub standard English because they want to conceal something and therefore end up using vague language.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on English and Politics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In an attempt to reduce and eventually eradicate the incorrect usage of English grammar in both spoken and written works, Orwell suggests some set of rules that one could use. He however states that, even with the rules, it is still possible that one can make some mistakes but the mistakes would not be very bad compared to those that were made by some people in the texts that he us es as the sample of incorrect use of English language. Orwell’s standards In the first rule, Orwell says that one should avoid the use of common phrases for example metaphors which have been overused and other clichà ©s. Phrases that have been used in various written works for a long time are especially discouraged. He also warns people to refrain from using long words and instead, try to look for shorter words which can serve the same purpose. The long words make the text unnecessarily complicated when it can be simplified by use of other words with the same meaning. Another rule is that one should choose their words carefully and use only the necessary words. If a word can be left out, then one should not include it in their writings or speech. By doing so, one is able to avoid being unclear because of including such words. The other common mistake that people make in language use is overuse of foreign or scientific terms when one can get other simpler words of the same me aning in English. Orwell says that such words should only be used when there is no other option, otherwise they should be omitted in any good specimen of English. Orwell also warns against the operators or verbal false limbs. He explains this as the unnecessary conversion of a single verb or even a conjunction to a phrase consisting of several words. It can also be used to describe the tendency to follow a certain pre-existing ending format of a sentence instead of one being creative and coming up with their original endings. Many people make this mistake when they are writing or speaking In his last rule, he gives people the discretion to break any of his rules other than say something that will not make sense. Orwell says that if people would adhere to these rules, cases of bad language usage would reduce significantly and eventually be eradicated. Conformity of John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Speech of 1960 to Orwell’s standards This is one of the speeches that have bee n praised by many people in history. It is particularly applauded because of its impact on the listeners and also the various artistic structures employed (Humes 207). It has bold declarations made by John F. Kennedy during his inauguration as president.Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, he promises to do everything to protect the democracy of the country and also speaks several statements directed to the enemies of his country. He also calls upon the citizens to be occupied with what they can do for the country instead of just waiting for the country to do things for them. In this paper, the conformance of the speech to various rules set by Orwell meant to gauge a good piece of English text will be evaluated. Dying metaphors The speech is characterized by the use of metaphors to create mental pictures to the listeners of what is being said. Metaphors can be cate gorized into different groups for example; there are metaphors which have been overused such that they no longer play the role that a metaphor should play when used and are considered as dead metaphors. There are others considered as dying metaphors which have been overused but still have not lost their impact and finally there are those considered as living which are able to cause one to have a clear mental picture because they are fresh and probably have been used for the first time by the particular writer or speaker. According to Orwell, dead metaphors are to be avoided if the purpose for which that metaphor is being used is to be served. Dead metaphors lack the important quality of creating a mental image in the listener’s mind. Kennedy, in his speech tries to adhere to this rule because most of the metaphors he uses are not in the category of dead ones. For example, he talks of ‘iron tyranny’ (Bartleby.com 1). Although this is not exactly in the category of a dead metaphor, it is still a common metaphor that is overused by many people in spoken and written works. The metaphor however is still able to produce the mental picture intended in the listener’s mind. There are other metaphors too that he used effectively in conveying his message during his inauguration. In reference to the people who find themselves in danger that they could have avoided if they were wise enough, he uses the metaphor ‘riding the back of the tiger and ending up inside’ (Bartleby.com 1). He also talks of exploring the stars conquering the deserts metaphorically to pass the message to the people concerning their intention as a country to going for great things and overcoming all obstacles. These two metaphors still are able to create images in the mind of the listeners although they are not very new and also cause them to react in certain way because of the influence of the words that have been used. By using them, Kennedy is still on the saf e side when it comes to application of Orwell’s standards because the two are not wholly in the category of dead metaphors. He also talks of assisting the people who are still ‘struggling to break the bonds of mass misery’ (Bartleby.com 1). This is a metaphor that helps the listeners create a clear mental image of what he is saying.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on English and Politics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The speech slightly deviates from the set standards because of the use of commonly used phrases like ‘friend and foe alike’ which is not recommended by Orwell (Bartleby.com 1). According to him, such overused phrases should be left out as they make one unable to be creative in speech and they can contribute to vagueness in the message that one intended to communicate The use of active or passive voice The speech is full of sentences in active voice as compar ed to passive voice. Most of the sentences have a subject as opposed to passive sentences which leaves out the doer of the action. However there is an instance where there is the use of passive, i.e., when he wants to says that the responsibility has been given to someone else, he uses the passive sentence: ‘the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans’ (Bartleby.com 1). In the rest of his speech, he uses sentences in the active voice. He commits himself to doing things that are his responsibility by using the active voice and first person singular pronoun instead of evading commitment by using passive. He uses sentences in the active voice to show people the reality of the imminent long struggle that they are going to face as a nation despite the fact that they have just come out of a hard period characterized by cold war (Clarke 9). He does not try to give the people false hope by using passive voice which is mostly used by people who are not straightfor ward in what they are saying. He also speaks to the enemies of the nation directly using the same sentence structures and points out the responsibility of both the state and the citizens directly instead of just assuming that each is aware of what is expected of them. Through the effective use of active speech, Schlesinger (165) notes that the young president, Kennedy, also commits himself to defend the country’s democracy by all means. Pretentious diction The speech also passes the test of pretentious diction as a standard of good English specimen proposed by Orwell. This is because Kennedy uses simple everyday language as opposed to some political speeches which are full of exaggerated foreign words and other uncommon words for example scientific words. Most of the words that he uses can be understood by ordinary people without much struggle. He uses short clear words and also sentences whose structure is simple therefore making the speech captivating and easy to understand (O’Brien 75). This has made his speech to be praised by many people and especially because of its simplicity to everyone who can understand English.Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His choice of words is good as he chooses words which are able to produce certain reactions in the people. For example, he tells the people not to negotiate out of fear or fear to negotiate. Most of the text is written in simple words. It is only in the sentence where the word ‘belaboring’ is used where he seems to have used a complex word although it is possible to substitute with a more common word like ‘dwell on’ or others which are simpler and more common. Operators or verbal false limbs Here, one tries to avoid the task of choosing appropriate parts of a speech for example the nouns of verbs and tries to simplify the task by several means e.g. transforming a lone verb to a phrase with several words. The use of conjunctions is also altered by introducing other words in addition to the conjunction to make it a phrase. Certain sentence endings are also commonly used because one does not want to think of a different way that the sentence can end and theref ore opts for what is common. The speech in question lacks such operators or verbal false limbs. Most of the verbs and conjunctions are used correctly without adding extra words to make them phrases and the sentences endings are all unique and not just following a certain copied pattern. He avoids most of the phrases, either with verbs or conjunctions as listed by Orwell, which should be avoided in a good specimen of English. He uses single verbs and conjunctions and conforms to this rule in almost the entire text. Meaningless words Again, Kennedy’s speech avoids the use of meaningless words which at times crowd a piece of English text making it hard to understand and also unnecessarily long. The speech is relatively short and is devoid of such words which may not make any sense when used. He chooses his words carefully and joins them together in a way that they cause the reader or listener then be persuaded that he means every word he says in the speech (Wills 62). Like many political writings, there are some areas in the speech where there is vagueness. He says, for example, that they are going to help those in poverty to get out of it. He does not say precisely what they are planning to do to help these people who he says live in abject poverty. It is also not clear the specific people he is addressing because, globally there are many people who are struggling to break free from the chains of poverty. Also the words, ‘to convert our good words into good deeds’ (Bartleby.com 1), seem not to have a definite meaning because the word ‘good’ is relative and can mean different things. It becomes hard for anyone listening to such a speech to clearly understand what good words or good deeds the person is talking about. Conclusion Although John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Speech breaks a few of Orwell’s rules, it is still a good specimen of English because it observes most of them as discussed in the paper. For example, the s peech is devoid of foreign or scientific words which are misused in most written or spoken works. He tries to use simple, everyday language which can be understood by many people. He puts forth his points clearly using only the relevant words and leaves out any unnecessary words. The speech also avoids the use of clichà ©s and long words which can be replaced by shorter and more common words. It is so easy for anyone who reads this speech to understand it. It is written in ordinary English that does not need a lot of in depth understanding of vocabulary. The ideas in it flow well. According to Giglio (2), his speech seems to represent what he truly believes in because it lacks vagueness which is mostly used by politicians who do not want to be clear in what they are saying to the public. Such politicians use this tool to be dishonest and cause confusion among the people on what they actually intended to pass across. What he intends to do for the nation and also what is expected of the people is clearly stated. He urges the people not to focus on what they want the country to do for them but on what they too can offer to the country. Works Cited Bartleby.com. John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address. London: Bartleby.com, 2011. Retrieved from https://www.bartleby.com/124/pres56.html Clarke, Thurston. Ask Not: The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy and the Speech  that Changed America. New York: Henry Holt and Co, 2004. Giglio, James. The Presidency of John F. Kennedy. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991. Humes, James. My Fellow Americans: Presidential Addresses That Shaped  History. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1992. O’Brien, Michael. John F. Kennedy: A Biography. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2005. Schlesinger, Arthur. A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House.  Boston,MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1965. Wills, Garry. The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Meditation on Power. Boston, MA: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1981. This research paper on English and Politics was written and submitted by user Kaitlin Howard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Legalization of drugs misc10 essays

Legalization of drugs misc10 essays The legalization of drugs in America could have many benefits along with many a few potential problems. Marijuana is at the top of every list ready for debate on whether or not it should be legalized. Pending the legalization of marijuana, crime associated with drugs would decrease, bringing the State and Federal penitentiaries population down to an acceptable level. A vast number of medical uses could also more easily be found. The process leading to the tests becomes long and tedious when dealing with an illegal substance. This may discourage many doctors from testing. The entire country could benefit from this drug. Government sales would skyrocket, bringing in millions of dollars that before was spent on useless police taskforces. The economy would rise; money would be saved, potentially making this country a little safer to live in. Medical uses for marijuana are known but have not been tested on a wide range of diseases. Marijuana has helped people with chronic pain live a more normal life. One example of this is the use of marijuana to help people with Cataracts Syndrome a disease that effects the eye. Marijuana has been proven to relief pain in the eyes and other areas of the human body when smoked like a cigarette. Though it is known to help people it is rarely used due to the hassle of prescribing the drug. Patients must fill out papers stating that the marijuana is theres and will not be distributed to others causing a process that is time consuming and tedious. If the drug were legal the process would be simple and doctors might recommend its use more frequently. Prison population in the United States is at an all time high and continues to climb. Many inmates are imprisoned for reasons no other than having a small amount of marijuana on them at the time of arrest. Some of these men were marijuana dealers or users who are no ...

Explain how the Current Justice Model has Replaced the Medical Model Research Paper

Explain how the Current Justice Model has Replaced the Medical Model of Earlier Years Relative to Corrections - Research Paper Example All efforts of the society should be directed to arrest one’s downward march to destruction to be replaced by an upward march making one a worthy individual and citizen. The question is, how do we do this? What sort of circumstances and mind-set pushes an individual onto the track of self and societal destruction? How an individual can free himself from the evil tendencies and negativities? How to lead a criminal to the path of willing acceptance for shaping as a lawful citizen? Normally an intensely shattered personality lies within the prison environment and one’s psyche needs constant care. The society does not easily allow the friendly assimilation of an acquitted or reformed prison inmate. Whether guilty or not guilty, the prison stamp remains forever. One important question incidentally—does the reformation measures bring rich dividends for the jail administration and contribute to the improvement of prison discipline and create a relaxed atmosphere amongst the prison community? How to mitigate the most systematic suppression caused to the spirit and freedom of an individual from the day of capture, and in the course of his encounters with the police, administration and the slow-moving justice system? Moreover, all laws, just because they are the laws of the land, are not faultless aphorisms. A difficult law implemented in a worst manner is the ultimate calamity for the prisoner. Any method, any procedure, must aim to change the criminal thought process of a prisoner. The wise saying goes, when the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed; when the mind is changed, the man is changed; when the man is changed the society is changed. Society created a bad individual and sent him to the prison; the ultimate gift to the society is a reformed individual, who will not revert to criminality again! Harsh punishments can never usher in an era of a crime-free society; dedicated reformation and rehabilitation measures,

Legality of Drone Strikes by US Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legality of Drone Strikes by US - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that the war on terror continues to bring about heated debates among most of the citizens of America, and in fact, the world. It is a wonder why the American government continues to preach for/ on a democratic front at home, and yet do the complete opposite when it comes to other nations, especially in the Middle East. The fact that America chooses to play big brother to nations that have problems of their own still remains a mystery. The wars America has been involved in over the last few decades have led to the loss of lives on both fronts  and has even led to the questioning of the financial strain the wars are causing. Recently, the U.S. has been called out by some of the many nations on the use of drones to target alleged Al-Qaeda territories. This has, however, not deterred the Obama administration from continuing their assaults on these foreign lands. The U.S. drone wars have affected regions such as Yemen and Pakistan, where the d eath of an unprecedented number of people has risen over the years. This has led to a public outcry, both at home and in the Middle East, as people are losing their lives over a war they feel is unwarranted. Al-Qaeda strongholds are the reasons for these attacks on the Middle East regions, where the Obama administration believes that they are responsible for rooting out the cause of all that is terror-related

Self Liberation Passive Resistance And Active Resistance History Essay

Self Liberation Passive Resistance And Active Resistance History Essay The earliest form of forced labour in the West Indies was the encomienda which utilized the Neo-Indian) people and resulted in the near decimation of their entire population. This was followed by the system of white indentured labour which brought immigrants from Ireland, England and Wales. This did not last very long because of the fact that the Europeans were not accustomed to the tropical climate of the West Indies and did not survive in such harsh working conditions. This was then followed by African enslavement which brought millions of people from the coast of West Africa From the outset one notes that systems of slavery existed and predated their imposition in the Caribbean region. There were different concepts as to the duties and responsibilities of both slave and master- concept of slavery always present in almost every recorded human civilisation ( e.g. Greece, Rome, China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, India, Africa ) but each differing from the other. In the British West Indies the slavery system was referred to as Chattel Slavery. This was a system whereby the slaves and their offspring were enslaved during their lifetime and were the sole property of the owner. The slaves were be bought and sold as commodities. This therefore meant that conditions were very inhumane and psychologically destructive to any human being. From the 16th Century until Emancipation in 1834 this form of slavery was made legal and supported by the British government and was implemented in their colonies. The causes for the Emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies can be interpreted in many different ways with Self Liberation (Resistance and Revolts) being at the forefront, the changing Economic climate in England at the time and The Abolitionist Movement. Each of these played an important role in the Emancipation of slavery but it was the incessant revolts which impacted the most and in the process gained recognition from entire the British population. 1.0 Self-Liberation-Passive Resistance and Active Resistance From the inception of African slavery there have been records of many forms of resistance. From the time of capture to the plantation there were forms of resistance by the African slaves. The slaves did not passively accepted slavery and it conditions. It showed that they were determined to fight for their freedom no matter what the cost was. Almost every year there was some form of revolts on the plantation in individually or in groups. There were many daily disruptions the by the slaves as forms of protest and resistance. Slave Resistance can be looked in two ways. Passive Resistance which includes the following: Running Away Most Significant form of non-violent resistance. Easy to do (Physically) A destination however was needed (Sometimes not to be found). Jamaica, Trinidad, St. Vincent, and Guyana were good territories to run away in. The Maroons were runaways who stayed runaways. They set up their own communities apart from the plantation society. The Jamaica Maroons fought two major wars with the British and won which forced the granting of their freedom with a signed treaty. In the treaty they agreed to return all runaways to their masters. Many resources were spent by the plantation owners to catch the runaway slaves. They therefore had to discourage others from trying to do it. It contained many risks trying to recapture runaway slaves. Starvation Slaves starved themselves to death. To lessen their workload. This resulted in a decline of production in the plantation and also caused the owner to lose money if the slave died. Faking Illnesses Not being able to work. Most instances the master did not care but in instances where he thought it was contagious the slave would get rest. Again this disrupted the daily activities in production and the slave still had to be fed. Go Slow This was difficult to succeed. Most times there was a potential for the slave to be whipped. It was high risk to the slaves. In a way the slaves took risks of being punished at the same time trying to form resistances against being enslaved. Sabotage Damage equipment in the factory. Burn sugar cane crop. Kill Animals This was all extremely dangerous but was accomplished. It was highly effective because it resulted in the owner losing money making production of the crop to decline. They were times slaves were put to death if found out. Cultural Retention A vested interest by the slave masters was to take away their culture resulted in dehumanizing the slaves. A practice of drumming which the slaves was an important activity in African culture and religion. It was as type of identity for the slaves. However some of the slaves still practiced it. In removing culture and religion of the slaves, other cultures developed such as a mixture of the African religion with Christianity. By doing this it showed a form of resistance by the slaves. In doing so the slaves maintained form of communication unknown to the masters which enabled their revolts to be started. Educating Oneself It was felt to be most dangerous if slaves were able to read and understand what was communicated by the masters. Being knowledgeable was considered to be dangerous to the slave master because other slaves could be educated as well. By being knowledgeable the other slaves would be informed of what is taking place such as the news of the Haitian Revolt by slaves. Most slave societies had laws banning teaching slaves to read and write. Active Resistance which includes the following: Suicide Slaves killed themselves rather than have to live in such horrible conditions. This resulted in the slave masters to lose money on their investment. . Infanticide Even though the women protected their children they were prepared to save these children from the life they lived and had endured. This meant killing their infant instead of them being born as slaves. Poisoning Most revolts were started by women slaves who tried to poison their masters. Many slave women had knowledge of poisonous plants and used it against the owners. It was always on the minds of owners being poisoned by slave women who cooked for them. Open Revolt and Rebellion It must be noted that the only successful slave revolt was in Haiti in 1804.However many revolts were attempted in the British West Indies. The slave owners controlled how things were done in the plantation the way of life of the slaves but they could never have controlled the minds of the enslaved individual who only thought was freedom. The Major Revolts in the British West Indies Barbados Rebellion in 1816 In 1816 a major rebellion broke out led by an African born slave Bussa. It was spread across one third of the island and included seventy plantations. It was properly organized by the slaves wanting their freedom and a better way of life. By the time the revolt was over a quarter of the sugar cane crop was lost. It resulted in the execution of 214 slaves and the displacement of others who were sold off or shipped out. However it did accomplished a tremendous loss of income to the plantation owners. The Demerara Rebellion in 1823 With sugar prices down slaves were pushed harder in the sugar cane fields so as to increase the production levels. This resulted in a major rebellion in 1823 in Demerara organized by Quamina and Smith. It involved about 9000 slaves. It resulted in the death and injury of many enslaved people. It must be noted that no plantation owners or their families were hurt as in previous rebellion. The Jamaica Rebellion in 1831 The island on Jamaica had a numerous rebellions a total of 16 from 1655 to 1813.However the largest one took place in 1831. It started when enslaved people demanded payment for the work been done. It was led by Samuel Sharpe and it involved 20,000 slaves who took control of over 200 estates and seized a vast amount of land. It was eventually controlled resulting in the loss of live of 200 slaves and 14 British planters. This rebellion lasted several months and took the effort of the British troops and local militia to suppress it. The impact of this rebellion made the British realised the dangers and cost of continuing slavery because this rebellion dealt a very severe blow to the economic value of the plantation system in Jamaica. Thus it can be seen the main reason more and more historians are holding firm of the view that the slaves were themselves responsible for their own freedom. The slave population had vastly outnumbered the Europeans at that time. In number there is strength and the slaves were not going to tolerate being enslaved and dehumanized without putting up a fight. Most important the plantation owners had begun living a life of fear by the high number of revolts which placed their lives in danger even though more slaves died during and after any rebellion than whites. Therefore the threat of more rebellion caused the British to change its position of continuing slavery and whether it was economically viable enough to continue with the plantation system. 2.0 The Change in Economic Policies in England Nearing the end of the 18th century the profitability of the plantation and the system of slavery was in decline. This in a way contributed to the abolition of the slave trade in 1807 which was no longer profitable. The Industrial Revolution had started in England at this time and the economy was moving to a capitalist system. Britain no longer needed good that had been produced under the plantation system and which had to be heavily subsidized by the government Factories in Manchester had begun producing and employing thousands of workers producing goods like cotton which was in heavy demand and very profitable. This rapid growth of Industrialization required huge capital and money from the slavery made was now invested heavily in new factories instead of supporting a now non profitable plantation system. Sugar from the British West Indies could not be sold on the open market in England for a profit and as a result warehouses were overstocked. This was because of the open market system which allowed sugar to be purchased from the cheapest source such as Cuba and Brazil. At the same time too France was producing beet sugar which was cheaper and of a high quality too. Previously the British had imposed heavy taxes on sugar not produced by the British plantation. In this capitalist environment it was difficult for the government to have continued with a socialist economy. In addition the constant threat of revolts by the slaves made the situation worse for the planters. The revolts which occurred resulted in loss of valuable properties such as factories and white human lives. They the plantation system were no longer important to the thriving economic progress which took place in England .The new manufactures and now middle class no longer felt obligated to support a system which no longer brought in a huge sum of money. This resulted in the plantation owners to lose whatever allies and support they had at home. 3.0 The Church, the Abolitionist Movement and Reformation in Government During this period the British experienced had a rebirth in their Christian faith and the thinking of every man being a brother of another. Therefore slavery was now thought of as being very un-Christian and resulted in the Church joining the Abolitionist movement to end slavery. This caused the Church to become actively involved in the emancipation process. The Abolitionist wanted to see the end of slavery as soon as possible and now had tremendous power in parliament with a two-third majority. The plantation now had no lobbying power in parliament. Their campaign included prominent figures such as William Wilberforce who was an MP in parliament and Thomas Buxton who succeeded him. There were also radical figures as Thomas Clarkson whose group mounted tremendous pressures on the British parliament and government. This campaign led to the passage of the Emancipation Act in 1833 and which became law on 1st August 1834. The white working class in cities such as Manchester had begun to get signed petition to end slavery. They began a campaign which soon spread rapidly joining with the Abolitionist movement. In a way these humanitarians efforts did in a way hasten the emancipation process. The average working class citizens had begun to realize that the African slaves were their brothers and started to adopt a more humane stance. It must be noted that the plantation owners were given a grant of 20 million which for compensation for the loss of property and for ending slavery. This helped to enable the plantation owners to keep their properties and control of power intact. The African slaves got absolutely nothing except their so called freedom. The now freed slaves had no money or land to survive making the process of actually having to survive extremely difficult. Conclusion