Assimilationism vs. Multiculturalism Essay example -- Assimilationism

Assimilationism vs. Multiculturalism In the words of Thomas Bray, "Should we "assimilate" to one standard, or should we "celebrate" diversity?" This is a popular question in America's classrooms today. America, known as the melting pot, is made up of many different colors, races, religions, and beliefs. American professors, journalists, and authors would like to know if multiculturalism has a positive effect on children in today's classrooms. Whether or not the student's way of life and personal experiences should be discussed in class is a major issue. Maxine Hairston, a Professor of Rhetoric and Composition at the University of Texas at Austin, writes of her experience with teaching in a multicultural classroom. Hairston is a strong supporter of children writing on their background, culture, and way of life. She feels that this enhances the classroom's atmosphere. Maxine Hairston writes, "Gradually their truths will change, but so will ours because in such a classroom one continually learns from one's students." Living in a particular way all one's life can cause views and opinions on certain subjects, but when put into a classroom with other students, it decenters one's ideas. Hairston wants the classroom to be designed around the students. She states, "These students bring with them a kaleidoscope of experiences, values, dialects, and cultural backgrounds that we want to respond to positively and productively, using every resource we can to help them adapt to the academic world and become active participants in it." Hairston wa nts students of every race, color, religion, and belief to learn about writing while learning about others. Thomas Bray, a Detroit News Columnist, writes an editorial on the California sch... ...guistics, and is a successful author. Looking at three different perspectives of multiculturalism I see how important it is to welcome new ideas and people into my world. Although, like most things in life there must be a line drawn somewhere. If sharing your personal experiences, ideas, and beliefs makes you uncomfortable then by no means should you be punished for it within a classroom. Every person has a right to learn no matter what their race, religion, gender, or belief. And for that our national meting pot should keep on melting together to form an educated nation. Works Cited Bray, Thomas. "Memorial Day and Multiculturalism." Detroit News 24 May 1998. Hairston, Maxine. "Diversity, Idealogy, and Teaching Writing." College Composition and Communication 43.2 (May 1992): 179-195. Tan, Amy. "Mother Tongue." Three Penny Review. 1990.

The Root Of All Evil, Macbeth

G. R. Elliot once said, â€Å"wicked intention must in the end produce wicked action unless it is not merely revoked by the protagonist’s better feelings, but entirely eradicated by his inmost will, aided by Divine grace. † This statement can be directly applied to Macbeth’s descent into the darker recesses of human nature and what human weaknesses this classical tragic figure struggles with and finally succumbs to, causing his downfall. In William Shakespeare’s famous play, Macbeth is drawn to the murder of King Duncan, Banquo, and Fleance by his yearning for power. How could such a ourageous, gentle man such as Macbeth suddenly be transformed and drawn to do such evil? Surely he did not come up with such villainous thoughts of his own. His desire for control, authority, and jurisdiction was strengthened by evil sources, those from both the witches’ prophecies and his wife’s encouragement. In Macbeth it is very clear that evil begets evil. Shakespeare focuses on Macbeth’s courage early in the play. For example, Duncan and the sergeant both compliment Macbeth’s mental and physical bravery in Act I, Scene II. Macbeth â€Å"carv’d out his passage† until he and the enemy eneral were face to face. In the same act, the reader is told that Macbeth is brave because of his â€Å"disdaining Fortune. † In addition to his quality of courage, Macbeth is also a gentle man. Demonstrating his love and devotion for his wife, Macbeth refers to her as â€Å"his dearest partner of greatness† in Act I, Scene V. Lady Macbeth views his kindness as somewhat of a problem for their quest for power. She says that Macbeth is â€Å"too full o’ the milk of human kindness† to place them on the throne of Scotland as a result of murder. Macbeth realizes that Duncan is, n fact, a good and humble king, and other than to fulfill self-centered, uncontrolled ambitions, this is not reason to murder him. Macbeth is soon pressured into the murder of Duncan by both his wife and the three witches. The three witches are supernatural instruments of fate who predicted that Macbeth will become King of Scotland. In act I, scene III, the witches chant, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! / All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! / All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be King hereafter! When Macbeth hears this prophecy, many questions nstantly begin to run through his head. He begins to wonder, what are they talking about and how will I become king? Macbeth does not entirely trust the witches, for he does identify them with evil. The foretelling of the witches spark the plot of the murder. The spark becomes a flame when Lady Macbeth hears of the prophecy. Lady Macbeth is canny and masterful as she propels Macbeth to kill Duncan. She binds Macbeth’s attention to the throne of Scotland, but never to the severity of the crime. Lady Macbeth is clever when she constantly urges Macbeth to forget about his torments and the brutal death he has aused. Before the actual murder, Macbeth is shrouded with fear. Banquo can also see the fear in Macbeth, although he does not know about the plan of murder when he asks, â€Å"Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear/ Things that do sound so fair? † He ponders what would happen if he fails, and discusses this possibility with his wife. He struggles with fear in the presence of Lady Macbeth but she constantly reassures him that there is nothing to fear and that the murder will be for the better. This fear demonstrates that Macbeth does realize the difference between right and rong, good and evil, and the consequences, but the outcome, which is murder, proves he can be swayed in his beliefs and concerns. Macbeth was pressured to do a horrible deed which was driven by evil. The beginning of the evil was rooted in his wife and the witch’s but quickly spread into his mind and heart. Macbeth was soon contaminated by evil, although he realized what he had done was wrong. Macbeth says, â€Å"To know my deed, ’twere best not know myself,† meaning that committing such a vile act makes him uncomfortable. Evil drives Macbeth to later kill Banquo and Fleance for fear they know hat Macbeth was the murderer. One evil lead to another, for if he had not done evil by killing Duncan then he would not have done evil with the death of his best friend and his son. All the evil they committed to gain power, which was what they always wanted, led to great sorrow. They realized that the dead were much happier. While Macbeth and his wife were wracked with guilt and paranoia, Duncan was seen as the lucky in the eyes of Macbeth. He did not have any threats and was much safer than Macbeth who is feared losing his throne. Macbeth made these feelings clear when he said, â€Å"In restless ecstasy. Duncan is in his grace;/ After life’s fitful fever he sleeps well. / Treason has done his worst; nor steel, nor poison,/ Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing,/ Can touch him further. † Macbeth, soon killed by Macduff, now, too, can rest with worry. Lady Macbeth was also troubled by feelings of guilt. In her sleep she screams, â€Å"Out, damned spot! Out, I say! †¦/Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him. † Lady Macbeth is suffering from a dieses which she created from evil. Trouble and suffering have come into their lives in the place of power. Lady Macbeth ultimately kills herself, ending up in a state of peace without worries along with her husband. Macbeth is a basically good man who is troubled by his conscience and loyalty though at the same time is struggling with evils of ambition and murder. He is led to evil initially by the witches’ predictions and then by his wife’s goading, which he succumbs to because of his love for her. Lady Macbeth rids herself of any kindness that might stand in the way and fills that void with evil to achieve her ambitions. In both cases evil becomes controlling so much that both of there normal lives are ruined.

Annotated Bibliography On The Media - 1002 Words

Based on one’s beliefs, news can have many different definitions. When determining how news is published, editors take four factors into consideration; Universal News Drivers, Editorial and Audience Judgment, and â€Å"Bad† News. When determining which factors apply to articles, one may examine the characteristics of these articles and then make an informed decision about which concepts apply and why. On October 15th I visited the newseum.org website and examined the front pages from three separate newspaper’s. All of the different front pages featured different headlines. The stories from these headlines featured information that I could use to apply the previously mentioned concepts. The October 15th issue of The Pioneer Press featured two headlines pertaining to news concepts. The article titled â€Å"Dedicated to Rondo† by Frederick Melo is a local story about the commemoration of a lost community in Minnesota. The Universal News Drivers in this article are Proximity and Human Interest. An area of land that was once a sight for a collection of homes was destroyed in the 1950’s by the construction of Interstate 94. Now, a Plaza is being built in the area to commemorate the neighborhood. The news being reported pertains to the people within close proximity of the old â€Å"Rondo† community. This news would not pertain to people who were not within close proximity of the events occurring because they would be unaware of their significance. People who were around when the â€Å"Rondo†Show MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography of Articles on Media Literacy550 Words   |  2 PagesMedia Literacy Annotated Bibliography: Donnelly, K. (2011). 5 Great Media Literacy Programs and How Assess Their Impact. PBS.org. The text by Donnelly (2011) provides our research with a delineation of several new and progressive avenues for media literacy training in an educational context. 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Retrieved October 4, 2010, from pdfcast.org: http://pdfcast.org/pdf/the-effects-of-violent-video-game-habits-on-adolescent-hostility-aggressive-behaviors-and-school-performance Dr Douglas A. Gentile is a researcher who studies the effects of media on children and adults, may it be positive or negativeRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography on Global Warming1303 Words   |  6 PagesGiacomo Real ENG 1302 Comp. amp; Rhet. II Professor Kamm Monday amp; Wednesday 7PM – 8:15PM Annotated Bibliography amp; Essay Annotated Bibliography on Global Warming: Fact or Fiction Fumento, Michael. â€Å"The Cooling Off on Global Warming.† The Washington Times 8 July 1999: 15. LexisNexis Academic . Academic Universe. W. I. Dykes Lib., University of Houston-Downtown. 20 Feb. 2010 http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.uhd.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/ Fumento explains that a nonprofit group

Effect Of Contrasting Cultures On Amy Tan S The Joy Luck...

The Effect of Contrasting Cultures in Amy Tan?s ?The Joy Luck Club? Culture is best described as a common set of core values, traditions, and rituals that a specific group of people share. With that being said, as more and more cultures begin to blend together and migration becomes a larger part of modern life, new cultures are always forming and being adopted. Even though cultures are always changing, they can still be categorized according to two types of culture. The first type of culture is ?high? culture, which refers to a more aesthetic and advanced culture such as that of the Chinese.[endnoteRef:1] ?High? culture is usually characterized by refined and complex values, whereas the second type of dynamic culture, ?low? culture, is sometimes seen as less refined and aesthetic.[endnoteRef:2] In addition, ?low? culture refers to the general life and traditions in countries such as the United States.[endnoteRef:3] Not only are Chinese and American Culture defined in two distinct way s, but they also have completely different views on family, commitment, competitiveness, and much more. With that being said, Amy Tan?s esteemed novel ?The Joy Luck Club,? not only chronicles the struggles of melding traditional American and Chinese views, it also shows how the cultural differences that result lead to miscommunication and separation between the daughters and their mothers. [1: Joel Dubois, ?The Essential Element of Culture,? Arts and Ideas of Asia: Medieval and Modern, 2009,Show MoreRelatedHuman Oppressiveness in Two Kinds and AP Essay2357 Words   |  10 PagesIt was Emerson who said it best, â€Å"For nonconformity, the world whips you with its displeasure† (Porter 1155). With a detailed look of Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP,† you will find that this quote is entirely applicable in the context of oppressiveness and in the likeness of â€Å"coming of age.† These two stories document the different p erspectives of two characters’ growing up and how the role of the invisible hand of oppression guides developing adolescents into mature adults; withoutRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Breast Cancer The Cancer Essay - 1722 Words

On Saturday, December 17, 2016, Janee Cornett wrote: To acknowledge the health beings of a women is quite scary knowing that in about 1 in 8 women in the U.S will develop breast cancer. By this year of 2016 going into 2017 there will approximately be 246,660 cases found. The 20th century is described to be the cancer century. One main cancer I wanted to talk about that has my full attention was breast cancer. The important ways of looking at breast cancer as a tremendous problem is because we are losing our women to this disease. Categorizing the main issues to give clarification for those who know of it but know little knowledge or have no knowledge. 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H R Information System Assists in Planningâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Information System assists in planning? Answer: Introduction Human Resource Information System assist in planning the HR financial needs effectively. To achieve proper planning in costs and appropriate HR management, HR initiatives are taken into consideration effectively. There is mitigation of risks and the implementation of this software to manage the organizational needs of the HR department being tackled in Deloitte. Tough decisions are required when it comes to making decisions in technological initiatives. The purpose of this business case is to analyze the importance of cost-benefit analysis, Return on Investment and short/long term evaluation of the HRM initiative adopted. HRM Initiative In its planning costs and making proper HRM decisions proposal, Deloitte adopted the development of a Human Resource Information System initiative. HRIS is a software system in HR that involves crisscrossing information technology and human resources. This system makes it possible for all HR activities to take place electronically. It makes the management of employees as well as the data much easier. Human Resource Information System is used in various ways in the business. These ways include: tracking the performance of employees, used in planning salary, monitoring accounts in business, entry of information data and management of data. There are three types of the HR software systems; Human Resource Information System (HRIS) This software is created to meet the management needs of managing people, processes, and strategies in the business. This system has nine key features that define it; they include; training and employee development, recruiting employees, managing workflow procedures, management of overall human resources, employee self-management, administration benefits in enrollment, work reports, management of employee absenteeism and managing compensation approaches (KAVANAGH 2015). Human Resource Management System (HRMS) This system is involved in covering in the HRIS elements as well. However, HRMS includes a large part of the human resources, which is handling a large number of employees as well as managing all the functions needs of human resources. Its key features include; management of the payroll and administration of labor needs and time span in business. In some businesses (OREGON 2009). Human resource management system is used in managing schedules in business though this is not a core characteristics because it does not apply to all businesses. Human Capital Management (HCM) This software includes all other aspects of human resource information system but adds management of talent and general characteristics such as currency and lingual elements. The major components include; budgeting in business, financial analytics, management of salary, management of employees performance and planning on top management change of roles. Adopting the Human Resource Information System initiative for business has various benefits that it brings to the table for the organization. First, it enables employees data to, be entered once and in the case of any updates, only one place needs to change. This is very convenient for business as it enables processes in the business to be done very fast. Secondly, it involves putting all the business materials such as employee safety guidelines and handbooks in a location. This saves on costs for the business and enables proper management as well as an accessible track on this records (FERNANDEZ-SANCHEZ 2011). Lastly, this system enables self-service for both employees and employers. This saves on time as it is convenient for everyone. Few disadvantages, however, characterize this system. One of the disadvantages is the cost element, where the system incurs both acquisition and maintenance expenses in the business. Secondly, there is the security factor, where a lot of monitoring is required for protecting the data stored. This system can be categorized into two: cloud based systems and Software as a Service (SaaS) systems. The cloud based system uses the internet in assessing the data in the systems. This enables the system to be accessed from anywhere as long as there is an internet connection (WANG 2011). However, this system is characterized by high costs due to the use of internet each time. Its beneficial in that there is no need for upgrading and hosting servers. Software as a service involves the licensing of software to a user (DILLON 2014). In return, a third party licensee is in charge of performance, security management of the software in the servers. When using SaaS, the business does not require, installments and maintenance of the system soft wares. Deloitte adopts the SaaS system as it is very cheap to maintain and the company is not responsible for the servers maintenance. Cost- Benefit Analysis This is a technique used in a comparison of the worth and values a venture brings to the business with the cost associated with producing the scheme. Human resource managers use the cost- benefit analysis in the initial stages of a project to determine and recognize the value of a adopting a project. This analysis helps managers to make decisions if they want to go on with the project or not. There are various steps involved in the cost-benefit analysis (Anon., 2013). These processes include: Explore the costs It involves identifying all the costs, including hidden costs and future costs that may arise. This step is crucial in being able to determine all the costs accrued in the present and future. Look into the benefits It involves considering all the benefits and revenue that may come from the initiative or project undertaken. Here there is need to define the Return on Investment (VESTERGAARD, 2010). Whether it is revenue, efficiency, market or any other depending on the nature of the project. Cost savings identification This step involves determining the things that the business should drop if they adopt the initiative. Determining if the cost savings will increase or decrease the benefits of adopting the project at hand. A defined timeline A business needs to create a timeline in which it expects the revenues and costs. Mapping a schedule for costs and revenue is necessary because it helps in planning the impacts that arise from cost and income in the business activities and places a plan in case things change. Secondly, having a defined timeline usually assist in determining the expectations of all members of the organization. the assessment of non-tangible costs and benefits. There is need to evaluate if there are other advantages other than the sensible ones. For example, if the investment contributes to building a positive image of your brand. It is important in considering all the perspectives in costs and benefits to a business to be able to monitor productivity at all levels efficiently. In Deloitte, the Human Resource manager plans to purchase a Human Resource Information System for improved management of human resources and increasing employee satisfaction, and this analysis is used to look into the choices. The company wants to purchase a SaaS HR system, BambooHR in particular, through payments of per- employee, per -month plus a one-time implementation fee and installation fee (refer to Table 1.0). This is where the company pays a monthly fee for every employee whether they use it or not. The training cost of the employees to learn how to use this technology will cost $50 per session for three sessions. There is an estimation of increment of revenue by 50% with the new system in managing data. Employees productivity is also expected to go up by at least 5% per employee with the HRIS technology. Employees satisfaction is also supposed to rise by 10% thus reducing absenteeism. The following are the costs the business is likely to incur (refer to Table 1.0) and the benefits to be realized (refer to Table 2.0). In this case, the ratio of benefits to ratio is higher and worth implementing in the business. Return On Investment. Return on Investment is a profitability ratio too that examines the performance of an organization. ROI is achieved by dividing the net profit of business over the overall assets of the business (AGENCY 2012). In this case, to arrive at the ROI, it will involve calculating costs of human resources before and after the implementation of the Human Resource Information System in the business. The first step is to calculate all expenses incurred in the HRIS software technology implementation. These costs include those of the overall original purchase cost of application of the software as well as the installation of the same, the cost of hiring experts to train employees and the cost incurred during the training sessions. The other step involves tallying the benefits. The Human Resource Information System software ensures that the benefits of employees commence from their first day at work. Unlike human resources, where employees realize their benefits in the start of a new month. Therefore in calculating ROI, there is a division of the total fee of the month of the full figure of days in that month (OSTERMANN 2009). The result is then multiplied by the total figure of days that the employee had not begun working. This result is the business total savings realized by using the software. HRIS software has realized the benefit of reducing turnover in the business. In calculating the turnover savings accrued, analysis of turnover before this software is carried out. The result is then multiplied by the costs used in recruiting other employees. Then a subtraction of the turnover as per now in the business then multiplies by the fee accrued in replacing the workforce. The result is the business savings on recruitment in the organization. The other step is tallying the labor savings in the firm. This involves finding out the time span that employees took to do a task before the installation of the HRIS software. Noting down the time required to complete a task after the software implementation. This is followed by a subtraction of the time required after from the time taken before; the result is the total figures of the time saved. This time is then multiplied by the wages acquired by the employee who performs the duty, hourly (PHILLIPS 2012). The result is the savings on labor. Another step involves computing the absenteeism rate in the business. HRIS Software participates in tracking those employees who are absent in work and defines patterns in the way they report to work (GRIFFIN 2014). For instance, Deloitte examined the cost incurred through absenteeism daily to amount to $300. Tally up by multiplying the money lost in a day to the total figure of those who were absent without leave. Then multiply the same values after the installation of HRIS software technology. To get the savings accrued, the two figures are subtracted. The final step which is getting the Return on Investment figure is achieved through summing up all the savings calculated above then dividing the total by the implementation fee of the Human Resource Information System. The result is ROI in the business. Evaluation The evaluation process in HR business case is crucial. When a company decides to adopt an HR initiative, there must balance considerations in the short term and long term benefits of the initiative to the organization scheme. Human Resource Information Systems are among the most crucial tools in the business. Most companies are considering using the HRIS Software as compared to the standard ways of managing human resources (PARRY, 2010). This software technology has both short term and long term benefit which should be scrutinized before adopting this initiative into the business. HRIS Software has some short term benefits in the firm. These include; Reduction of overall costs In Deloitte, this software system has enabled the reduction in the expenses of managing HR data. HRIS Software has made it possible for recruiting, attendance and time tracking, training, management in performance, payroll and data management to be done under one integrated place enabling the reduction in the costs incurred in manual HRM (Anon., 2009). Increased productivity HRIS software has led to improved productivity in the organization. This is realized after the turnover is reduced since the implementation of the software. A lot of workloads is reduced for the employees, and they get to enjoy their work using the technology. This is because of the increased speed in work delivery in the organization A new integrated service delivery system. This initiative has provided the organization with a new integration of service delivery in managing human resources. These new improvements include self-service for employees, this, in turn, increases employee morale, and availability of payroll electronic devices such that employees do not have to queue in an office to ask for their pay but through this system, things get easier (CATES 2016). Reduced absenteeism HRIS software monitors the employees attendance to work, and the time they report to work. This has seen a significant change in the absenteeism that was before noted. More employees have improved in their attendance to work. This technology has long-term benefits to the organization as well. This benefits include; Acquisition of technology skills to professionals Through the implementation of this software. Professionals in the HR department undergo training to acquire the driving skills of this technology (HOUSE, 2008). This long-term benefit works to change the working skills of all employees in the business. Networking growth Human Resource Information System has enabled the growth of social networking within the organization. Employees can interact with other employees as well as the top management in the organization. This builds a relationship between employers and employees which are likely to improve on a lot of processes in HR department and work performance (MAYFIELD, 2009). Improved leadership management Through this software, there is a complete change in the administration system in the organization. Leaders decision-making strategies are influenced by this technology, and every leader must adhere to this (CALLEJO, 2009). This approach has seen turnover of the top leaders. This is beneficial in that bad leaders may leave the organization. Business case Summary The development of the Human Resource Information System initiative should be adopted by the organization since its benefits outweigh the cost incurred. The HR department in the organization has had the dire need to expand its access to data on employees, business executives, and new applicants to new job openings and regulatory bodies that govern the organization. This is the reason why every organization should adopt SaaS System to have a large integrated system for all its shareholders and expand all the services in HR. This system is ideal due to its cost savings benefits and the fact that it enabled informed decision-making processes in the business. Critical Reflective Analysis In writing a business case, it is hard to calculate the Return on Investment primarily involving the figures. It was a difficult task to come up with the exact numbers to calculate the ROI. I encountered problems in examining the risks involved if the initiative is not adopted, a section I was unable to include in the business case. I solved the difficulties encountered in calculating the ROI by doing extensive research and being able to come up with the best possible guide to arriving the ROI in the business. I learned a lot in the process especially on learning on the benefits of adopting the HRIS software in the organization. The benefits every group accrues when this software is implemented and the costs that are involved in purchasing the software. References AGENCY, ENAIS 2012, Introduction to return on security investment helping CERTs assessing the cost of (lack of) security, s.l.: s.n. ARNOLD, V 2009, Human resource information systems: basics, applications, and future directions.London, Prentice Hall. CALLEJO, M 2009, HRIS as Drivers to Introduce Total Quality in HRM, s.l.: s.n. CATES, S 2016, The Creation of a Professional Payroll Using Software. Administration and Payroll. DILLON, SV 2014, SaaS cloud computing in small and medium enterprises a comparison between Germany and New Zealand, Munster, Westf: Wilhelms-Univ., ERCIS. FERNANDEZ-SANCHEZ, JDJESACA 2011, Exploring the Relation between the Use of HRIS and their implementation in Spanish Firms. s.l.:s.n. GRIFFIN, R 2011, Complete training evaluation: the comprehensive guide to measuring return on investment. 18th ed. s.l.:s.n. HOUSE, D. D. V.-J. P. . D., 2008. Success Factors for the Global Implementation of ERP/HRMS Software. KAVANAGH, MTMJ 2015, Human resource information systems: basics, applications, and future directions.. 18th ed. s.l.:s.n. MAYFIELD, MM 2009, Increasing Tacit Knowledge Sharing with an HRIS, s.l.: s.n. OREGON, 2009, Human Resources Information System business case executive summary .. 18th ed. s.l.:s.n. OSTERMANN, HSS 2009, Benchmarking Human Resource Information Systems. s.l.:s.n. PARRY, E 2010, The Benefits of Using Technology in Human Resource Management. 18th ed. s.l.:s.n. PHILLIPS, J 2012, Return on Investment in Training and Performance Improvement Programs .. 18th ed. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. VESTERGAARD, NW 2010, Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Greenland offshore shrimp fishery. Working paper, p. 98. Oxford publishers. WANG, L 2011, Cloud computing methodology, systems, and applications., Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

The Politics Of Boom Essays - Public Finance, Fiscal Policy

The Politics Of Boom ? The Economist published an article on September 30, 2000 entitled The Politics of Boom. This article brings up several issues that we have discussed in Economics 103 this semester. The article discusses the presidential election and both candidates positions on some of the major issues dealing with the economy. Mainly, the article centers around the federal budget surplus and tax cuts. This years presidential election is being fought against the backdrop of an unprecedented economic boom. One component of this statement is the unemployment rate at about 4%, which is close to historic lows. In class, we learned that the different types of unemployment are frictional (when people quit work to seek more attractive employment), structural (resulting from technology or geography), and cyclical (associated with the downturn and recession phases of the business cycle). Also there are underemployed workers who are working at jobs that do not utilize their productive talents or experience, and discouraged workers who have given up looking for work after facing many rejections. The labor force is used in determining the unemployment rate. Those not included in the labor force are students, retirees, stay at-home parents, people under sixteen years old and people who are institutionalized. To find the unemployment rate you take the number of workers (labor force) and subtract discouraged workers. Then you divide the rest of the unemployed by that number. The natural rate of unemployment (NAIRU- non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment) is the rate that is consistent with the rate of inflation. Also a part of the quotation in paragraph two, is that inflation is still tame, though it is inching upward. Inflation is defined as an increase in the price level. Problems with inflation are distributional effects, transfer payments, pensions, and debtors vs. creditors. Those who lose form inflation are people living on fixed incomes, landlords, savers, and lenders. Those who gain from inflation are borrowers and the government. The largest problem with inflation is that a recession is the only way to combat it. Derived from inflation and unemployment, are recessionary and inflationary gaps. Allen Greenspan is mentioned as having played an enormous role in the extraordinary expansion that has taken place during the last ten years. He has done this through his stewardship of monetary policy. As chairman of the Federal Reserve or Fed, Allen Greenspan is widely accepted as the most or second-most powerful man in the word. We learned that there are seven members on the Board of Governors and their terms are 14 years long and overlapping. Also they are appointed by the President of the United States. The chair, however, serves terms of four years. The chairs term can be renewed as Allen Greenspans has been and the term ends during the middle of the Presidential term. As the chairman for the Board of Governors, Greenspan is also a member of the Federal Open-Market Committee (FOMC). The article explains that traditionally, a good economy favors political incumbents. Al Gores campaign has focused on continuing the broad thrust of Clontonian economic policy, in particular prudent fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is government spending and taxation policy to achieve macroeconomic goals of full employment without inflation. Fiscal policy is used to close recessionary and inflationary gaps. The Clinton administration practiced fiscal tightening in the 1990s which they argue has made room for lower interest rates. Taxes are sometimes used to battle gaps and achieve full employment without inflation. Currently there is a federal budget surplus. A balanced budget occurs when government spending equals tax revenues. If tax revenues are less than government spending there is a deficit, and if tax revenues are greater than government spending there is a surplus. In 1992, the overall federal budget was in deficit $290 billion which is 4.6% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). To battle that Clinton used tax hikes as a part of his fiscal policy. This year, the budget is expected to see a surplus of $221 billion which is 2.3% of GDP. Because of this surplus, both candidates are promising tax cuts. Bush and Gore differ in the types of tax cuts they propose. Also their tax cuts are aimed at different groups of people. Larger surpluses are predicted for the future. The latest forecast for the ten-year budget surplus is $4.19 trillion. Latest administration projections suggest that the on-budget surplus is expected to reach almost $2.2 trillion over the next decade. This would be an increase of 290% compared with